2024
Estimated exposure to endotoxin and circulating immunological markers among male farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture study
Ezennia S, Freeman L, Chang V, Xie S, Sandler D, Andreotti G, Parks C, Friesen M, Hofmann J. Estimated exposure to endotoxin and circulating immunological markers among male farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture study. Occupational And Environmental Medicine 2024, 81: 635-638. PMID: 39746796, PMCID: PMC11821429, DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2024-109646.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExposure to endotoxinImmune markersAssociated with reduced lung cancer riskEndotoxin exposureEstimated geometric mean ratiosCirculating immune markersMacrophage-derived chemokine/CCL22Reduced risk of lung cancerLevels of fibroblast growth factor-2Decreased levelsMultiplex bead-based assayRisk of lung cancerExposure-response mannerExposed to endotoxinAssociated with increased levelsLung cancer riskFibroblast growth factor-2Immunological alterationsGrowth factor 2Serum levelsImmunological markersSIL-4RLung cancerBead-based assayMultivariate linear regressionCurrent Status of Ovarian and Endometrial Biomarkers in Predicting ART Outcomes
Volovsky M, Seifer D. Current Status of Ovarian and Endometrial Biomarkers in Predicting ART Outcomes. Journal Of Clinical Medicine 2024, 13: 3739. PMID: 38999305, PMCID: PMC11242103, DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133739.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAssisted reproductive technologyGrowth differentiation factor 9Follicle-stimulating hormoneEndometrial biomarkersAnti-Mullerian hormoneBone morphogenetic protein 15Differentiation factor 9Immune markersOvarian biomarkersART outcomesGene profilesReproductive technologyFactor 9Predicting outcomeBiomarkersCustomized implantsProteomic technologiesHormoneOutcomesClinical integrationDysregulated cerebral blood flow, rather than gray matter Volume, exhibits stronger correlations with blood inflammatory and lipid markers in depression
Kang L, Wang W, Nie Z, Gong Q, Yao L, Xiang D, Zhang N, Tu N, Feng H, Zong X, Bai H, Wang G, Wang F, Bu L, Liu Z. Dysregulated cerebral blood flow, rather than gray matter Volume, exhibits stronger correlations with blood inflammatory and lipid markers in depression. NeuroImage Clinical 2024, 41: 103581. PMID: 38430800, PMCID: PMC10944186, DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103581.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGray matter volumeCerebral blood flowMatter volumeArterial spin labelingRight middle temporal gyrusPredictors of MDDMiddle temporal gyrusImmune markersBrain functional changesProportion of MDDExploratory correlation analysisTumor necrosis factor-alphaBlood flowMDD patientsDepressive disorderAngular gyrusTemporal gyrusNecrosis factor-alphaMDDBrain regionsCerebral blood flow changesBlood lipid levelsInferior temporalCase-control comparisonCD4 count
2023
Digital spatial profiling of melanoma shows CD95 expression in immune cells is associated with resistance to immunotherapy
Martinez-Morilla S, Moutafi M, Fernandez A, Jessel S, Divakar P, Wong P, Garcia-Milian R, Schalper K, Kluger H, Rimm D. Digital spatial profiling of melanoma shows CD95 expression in immune cells is associated with resistance to immunotherapy. OncoImmunology 2023, 12: 2260618. PMID: 37781235, PMCID: PMC10540659, DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2260618.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDigital spatial profilingImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapyShorter progression-free survivalQuantitative immunofluorescenceCheckpoint inhibitor therapyProgression-free survivalMetastatic melanoma patientsPre-treatment specimensIndependent validation cohortMetastatic melanoma casesAdjuvant settingNanoString GeoMxMultivariable adjustmentAdverse eventsImmunotherapy cohortInhibitor therapyPD-L1Immune markersMelanoma patientsUnivariable analysisValidation cohortImmune cellsMelanoma casesMultiplex immunofluorescenceCD95 expressionQuantitative DNA Repair Biomarkers and Immune Profiling for Temozolomide and Olaparib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Cecchini M, Zhang J, Wei W, Sklar J, Lacy J, Zhong M, Kong Y, Zhao H, DiPalermo J, Devine L, Stein S, Kortmansky J, Johung K, Bindra R, LoRusso P, Schalper K. Quantitative DNA Repair Biomarkers and Immune Profiling for Temozolomide and Olaparib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Research Communications 2023, 3: 1132-1139. PMID: 37387791, PMCID: PMC10305782, DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0045.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhole-exome sequencingMGMT protein expressionColorectal cancerStable diseaseQuantitative immunofluorescenceT cellsProtein expressionPromoter hypermethylationLow MGMT protein expressionPARP inhibitorsRadiographic tumor regressionMetastatic colorectal cancerAdvanced colorectal cancerPretreatment tumor biopsiesEffector T cellsTumor-infiltrating lymphocytesMGMT proteinDNA repair biomarkersBaseline CD8Eligible patientsIncreased CD8Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferaseObjective responseProgressive diseaseImmune markersBiomarkers predicting response to 5 immunotherapy arms in the neoadjuvant I-SPY2 trial for early-stage breast cancer (BC): Evaluation of immune subtyping in the response predictive subtypes (RPS).
Wolf D, Yau C, Campbell M, Glas A, Mittempergher L, Kuilman M, Barcaru A, Brown Swigart L, Nanda R, Chien A, Pusztai L, Stringer-Reasor E, Shatsky R, Isaacs C, Perlmutter J, DeMichele A, Yee D, Esserman L, van 't Veer L. Biomarkers predicting response to 5 immunotherapy arms in the neoadjuvant I-SPY2 trial for early-stage breast cancer (BC): Evaluation of immune subtyping in the response predictive subtypes (RPS). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2023, 41: 102-102. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPCR rateBreast cancerImmune markersSerious immune-related adverse eventsImmune-related adverse eventsHER2-negative breast cancerEarly-stage breast cancerI-SPY2 trialLower mast cellTumor immune signatureChemokines/cytokinesSingle-sample classifierI-SPY2Immune subtypingImmunotherapy armTherapy armAdverse eventsReceptor statusControl armDrug classesMast cellsLogistic regressionBenjamini-Hochberg methodHR subsetTumor cells
2021
Diverse immune response of DNA damage repair-deficient tumors
Qing T, Jun T, Lindblad KE, Lujambio A, Marczyk M, Pusztai L, Huang KL. Diverse immune response of DNA damage repair-deficient tumors. Cell Reports Medicine 2021, 2: 100276. PMID: 34095878, PMCID: PMC8149377, DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100276.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCancer typesDDR-deficient tumorsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsHigh neoantigen loadDifferent immune phenotypesDiverse immune responsesAdaptive immune markersRepair-deficient tumorsDDR deficiencyCheckpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapy outcomesDNA damage repair deficiencyImmune infiltratesImmune markersNeoantigen loadSurvival outcomesImmune phenotypeTumor neoantigensImmune responseAnimal modelsGenomic biomarkersGermline mutationsPathway mutationsTumorsRepair deficiencyReconnaissance of tumor immune microenvironment spatial heterogeneity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and correlation with immunotherapy response
Hajiran A, Chakiryan N, Aydin A, Zemp L, Nguyen J, Laborde J, Chahoud J, Spiess P, Zaman S, Falasiri S, Fournier M, Teer J, Dhillon J, McCarthy S, Moran-Segura C, Katende E, Sexton W, Koomen J, Mulé J, Kim Y, Manley B. Reconnaissance of tumor immune microenvironment spatial heterogeneity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and correlation with immunotherapy response. Clinical & Experimental Immunology 2021, 204: 96-106. PMID: 33346915, PMCID: PMC7944355, DOI: 10.1111/cei.13567.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomaClear cell renal cell carcinomaTumor immune microenvironmentRenal cell carcinomaT-betOverall survivalCell carcinomaMetastatic renal cell carcinomaForkhead box protein 3Improved overall survivalCell renal cell carcinomaCox regression analysisImmune cell distributionT-cell markersPoor overall survivalBox protein 3Tumor-stromal interfaceMetastatic tumor samplesPrecision treatment strategiesTumor-stroma interfaceTumor coreImproved survivalImmune markersImmunotherapy responsePoor outcome
2019
High-Plex Predictive Marker Discovery for Melanoma Immunotherapy–Treated Patients Using Digital Spatial Profiling
Toki MI, Merritt CR, Wong PF, Smithy JW, Kluger HM, Syrigos KN, Ong GT, Warren SE, Beechem JM, Rimm DL. High-Plex Predictive Marker Discovery for Melanoma Immunotherapy–Treated Patients Using Digital Spatial Profiling. Clinical Cancer Research 2019, 25: 5503-5512. PMID: 31189645, PMCID: PMC6744974, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0104.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalBiomarkers, TumorFemaleFluorescent Antibody TechniqueHumansImmunohistochemistryImmunotherapyLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMaleMelanomaMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesMolecular Targeted TherapyPrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsTissue Array AnalysisTreatment OutcomeConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerProlonged progression-free survivalDigital spatial profilingOverall survivalPD-L1Predictive markerPD-L1 expressionProgression-free survivalProtein expressionCell lung cancerNovel predictive markerCD68-positive cellsStromal CD3Melanoma immunotherapyImmune markersImmune therapyPrognostic valueLung cancerAntibody cocktailTissue microarrayQuantitative fluorescenceOutcome assessmentTumor cellsHigh concordanceMultiple biomarkersMultiplex quantitative analysis of cancer-associated fibroblasts and immunotherapy outcome in metastatic melanoma
Wong PF, Wei W, Gupta S, Smithy JW, Zelterman D, Kluger HM, Rimm DL. Multiplex quantitative analysis of cancer-associated fibroblasts and immunotherapy outcome in metastatic melanoma. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2019, 7: 194. PMID: 31337426, PMCID: PMC6651990, DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0675-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProgression-free survivalBest overall responseSmooth muscle actinOverall survivalCell countQuantitative immunofluorescenceImmune markersImmunotherapy outcomesMelanoma patientsSignificant progression-free survivalAnti-PD-1 therapyAbsence of immunotherapyPretreatment tumor specimensImmune checkpoint blockadeCell death 1Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) populationNegative prognostic biomarkerCancer-associated fibroblastsWhole tissue sectionsOverall responseOS associationCAF parametersCheckpoint blockadeImmune dysregulationDeath-1Genomic correlates of response to adjuvant trastuzumab (H) and pertuzumab (P) in HER2+ breast cancer (BC): Biomarker analysis of the APHINITY trial.
Krop I, Paulson J, Campbell C, Kiermaier A, Andre F, Fumagalli D, de Haas S, Salgado R, Denkert C, Loibl S, Bailey A, Lewis Phillips G, Frank E, Piccart M, Viale G, Loi S. Genomic correlates of response to adjuvant trastuzumab (H) and pertuzumab (P) in HER2+ breast cancer (BC): Biomarker analysis of the APHINITY trial. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2019, 37: 1012-1012. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.1012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTumor-Infiltrating LymphocytesBreast cancerBetter prognosisComprehensive biomarker analysisPhase III studyInteraction p valueCase-control designBiomarker analysisHigher mRNA expressionAnthracycline useAPHINITY trialAdjuvant trastuzumabChemotherapy typeIII studyImmune signaturesNodal statusImmune markersInfiltrating lymphocytesClinical parametersPoor prognosisPredictive biomarkersTIL analysisBetter outcomesPAM50 subtypesPrognosisThe immune profile of small HER2-positive breast cancers: a secondary analysis from the APT trial
Barroso-Sousa R, Barry WT, Guo H, Dillon D, Tan YB, Fuhrman K, Osmani W, Getz A, Baltay M, Dang C, Yardley D, Moy B, Marcom PK, Mittendorf EA, Krop IE, Winer EP, Tolaney SM. The immune profile of small HER2-positive breast cancers: a secondary analysis from the APT trial. Annals Of Oncology 2019, 30: 575-581. PMID: 30753274, PMCID: PMC8033534, DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz047.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkers, TumorBreastBreast NeoplasmsChemotherapy, AdjuvantDisease-Free SurvivalFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMastectomyMiddle AgedPaclitaxelReceptor, ErbB-2TrastuzumabTumor BurdenTumor MicroenvironmentConceptsHER2-positive breast cancerSmall HER2-positive breast cancersImmune gene signaturesBreast cancerImmune profileAPT trialPD-L1Immune markersImmune microenvironmentSmall HER2-positive tumorsStromal PD-L1 expressionNode-negative breast cancerCell signatureGene signatureHuman epidermal growth factor receptorStromal PD-L1PD-L1 expressionHistological grade 2Luminal B tumorsB cell signaturesBreast cancer trialsHER2-positive tumorsImmune cell signaturesBasal-like tumorsHistological grade 1
2018
Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Ribonucleic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Is Linked to CD4/CD8 Ratio During Acute HIV
Chan P, Patel P, Hellmuth J, Colby DJ, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, Pinyakorn S, Jagodzinski L, Krebs S, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, Spudich S, Team R. Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Ribonucleic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Is Linked to CD4/CD8 Ratio During Acute HIV. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2018, 218: 937-945. PMID: 29741638, PMCID: PMC6093332, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy260.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCD4/CD8 ratioCSF HIV RNAHIV RNACD8 ratioCerebrospinal fluidHIV infectionHuman immunodeficiency virus ribonucleic acidCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune markersLog10 copies/mLStage I/IIHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNAChronic HIV infectionHigher CSF neopterinAcute HIV infectionPlasma HIV RNACopies/mLHuman immunodeficiency virus ribonucleic acid levelsRibonucleic acid levelsVirus ribonucleic acidAcute HIVCSF neopterinSCD14 levelsAcute infectionMedian ageImmune markersMultispectral imaging for quantitative and compartment‐specific immune infiltrates reveals distinct immune profiles that classify lung cancer patients
Mezheyeuski A, Bergsland C, Backman M, Djureinovic D, Sjöblom T, Bruun J, Micke P. Multispectral imaging for quantitative and compartment‐specific immune infiltrates reveals distinct immune profiles that classify lung cancer patients. The Journal Of Pathology 2018, 244: 421-431. PMID: 29282718, DOI: 10.1002/path.5026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBiomarkers, TumorCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungClinical Decision-MakingDeep LearningFluorescent Antibody TechniqueHumansImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedLung NeoplasmsLymphocyte SubsetsLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMicroscopy, FluorescencePredictive Value of TestsPrognosisReproducibility of ResultsSequence Analysis, RNATissue Array AnalysisTumor MicroenvironmentConceptsImmune infiltratesImmune markersImmune cellsImmunohistochemical methodsEra of immunotherapyCell lung cancerImmune cell infiltrationLymphocyte subclassesNSCLC casesCell infiltrationLung cancerPatient prognosisImmune responseTissue microarrayCancer tissuesStromal compartmentClinical decisionFurther subpopulationSemiquantitative assessmentConventional immunohistochemistryImmunohistochemistryClinical biopsiesTissue sectionsFoxp3CD4
2017
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer and its clinical significance
Pelekanou V, Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Altan M, Wasserman B, Carvajal-Hausdorf C, Wimberly H, Brown J, Lannin D, Pusztai L, Rimm DL. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer and its clinical significance. Breast Cancer Research 2017, 19: 91. PMID: 28784153, PMCID: PMC5547502, DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0884-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytesPD-L1 expressionTumor-infiltrating lymphocytesRecurrence-free survivalNeoadjuvant chemotherapyResidual cancer tissueTIL countBreast cancerCancer tissuesDeath ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expressionNode-positive breast cancerImproved recurrence-free survivalPD-L1 protein expressionHigher TIL countsPD-L1 statusProtein expressionBreast cancer patientsBreast cancer tissuesPost-treatment samplesPrechemotherapy samplesTIL infiltrationResidual cancerImmune markersResidual diseasePatient cohortQuantitative spatial profiling of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and HLA-DR/IDO1 to predict outcomes to anti-PD-1 in metastatic melanoma (MM).
Johnson D, Bordeaux J, Kim J, Vaupel C, Rimm D, Ho T, Joseph R, Daud A, Conry R, Gaughan E, Dimou A, Balko J, Smithy J, Witte J, McKee S, Dominiak N, Dabbas B, Hall J, Dakappagari N. Quantitative spatial profiling of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and HLA-DR/IDO1 to predict outcomes to anti-PD-1 in metastatic melanoma (MM). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2017, 35: 9517-9517. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.9517.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHLA-DRValidation cohortMetastatic melanomaPD-1/PD-L1Anti-PD-1 therapyPD-1/L1Pre-treatment tumor biopsiesPD-1/PD-L1 interactionPD-1 monotherapyPD-L1 expressionProgression-free survivalBiomarkers of responseFuture clinical trialsMultiple immune markersPD-L1 interactionImmune suppression mechanismsPrior therapyFree survivalDurable responsesOverall survivalPD-L1Immune markersClinical trialsTreatment responseTumor biopsiesWhole-exome sequencing and immune profiling of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma with fully annotated clinical follow-up
Kadara H, Choi M, Zhang J, Parra ER, Rodriguez-Canales J, Gaffney SG, Zhao Z, Behrens C, Fujimoto J, Chow C, Yoo Y, Kalhor N, Moran C, Rimm D, Swisher S, Gibbons DL, Heymach J, Kaftan E, Townsend JP, Lynch TJ, Schlessinger J, Lee J, Lifton RP, Wistuba II, Herbst RS. Whole-exome sequencing and immune profiling of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma with fully annotated clinical follow-up. Annals Of Oncology 2017, 28: 75-82. PMID: 27687306, PMCID: PMC5982809, DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw436.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRecurrence-free survivalPoor recurrence-free survivalWhole-exome sequencingEarly-stage lung adenocarcinomaMutant lung adenocarcinomaLung adenocarcinomaImmune markersClinical outcomesExact testNatural killer cell infiltrationProportional hazards regression modelsGranzyme B levelsImmune marker analysisImmune profiling analysisPD-L1 expressionImmune-based therapiesTumoral PD-L1Hazards regression modelsKRAS mutant tumorsNormal lung tissuesMajority of deathsFisher's exact testHigh mutation burdenAnalysis of immunophenotypeRelevant molecular markersMutation profiles in early-stage lung squamous cell carcinoma with clinical follow-up and correlation with markers of immune function
Choi M, Kadara H, Zhang J, Parra ER, Rodriguez-Canales J, Gaffney SG, Zhao Z, Behrens C, Fujimoto J, Chow C, Kim K, Kalhor N, Moran C, Rimm D, Swisher S, Gibbons DL, Heymach J, Kaftan E, Townsend JP, Lynch TJ, Schlessinger J, Lee J, Lifton RP, Herbst RS, Wistuba II. Mutation profiles in early-stage lung squamous cell carcinoma with clinical follow-up and correlation with markers of immune function. Annals Of Oncology 2017, 28: 83-89. PMID: 28177435, PMCID: PMC6246501, DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw437.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLung squamous cell carcinomaEarly stage lung squamous cell carcinomaNon-small cell lung cancerSquamous cell carcinomaWhole-exome sequencingImmune markersClinical outcomesCell carcinomaPIK3CA mutationsExact testPoor recurrence-free survivalProportional hazards regression modelsTumoral PD-L1 expressionPD-L1 expressionRecurrence-free survivalCell lung cancerComprehensive immune profilingTP53 mutant tumorsHazards regression modelsNormal lung tissuesFisher's exact testLUSC cohortAdjuvant therapyImmune profilingPoor prognosis
2015
Co-occurring Genomic Alterations Define Major Subsets of KRAS-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma with Distinct Biology, Immune Profiles, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities
Skoulidis F, Byers LA, Diao L, Papadimitrakopoulou VA, Tong P, Izzo J, Behrens C, Kadara H, Parra ER, Canales JR, Zhang J, Giri U, Gudikote J, Cortez MA, Yang C, Fan Y, Peyton M, Girard L, Coombes KR, Toniatti C, Heffernan TP, Choi M, Frampton GM, Miller V, Weinstein JN, Herbst RS, Wong KK, Zhang J, Sharma P, Mills GB, Hong WK, Minna JD, Allison JP, Futreal A, Wang J, Wistuba II, Heymach JV. Co-occurring Genomic Alterations Define Major Subsets of KRAS-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma with Distinct Biology, Immune Profiles, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Cancer Discovery 2015, 5: 860-877. PMID: 26069186, PMCID: PMC4527963, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-1236.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenocarcinomaAdenocarcinoma of LungAMP-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesAMP-Activated Protein KinasesCell Line, TumorCluster AnalysisDNA-Binding ProteinsGene ExpressionGene Expression ProfilingGenetic VariationGenomicsHumansInflammationLung NeoplasmsMutationOxidative StressPrognosisProtein Serine-Threonine Kinasesras ProteinsSignal TransductionTranscription FactorsTumor Suppressor ProteinsConceptsKRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomaCo-occurring genomic alterationsLung adenocarcinomaDistinct biologyTherapeutic vulnerabilitiesSTK11/LKB1Hsp90 inhibitor therapyRelapse-free survivalDrug sensitivity patternsGenomic alterationsCDKN2A/BKC tumorsInflammatory markersMucinous histologyImmune markersImmune profilePD-L1AdenocarcinomaSensitivity patternMajor subsetNKX2-1 transcription factorLow expressionTumorsGenetic alterationsEffector moleculesThe Influence of Host Factors on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer: Stroma and Immune Cell Components as Cancer Biomarkers.
Karn T, Pusztai L, Rody A, Holtrich U, Becker S. The Influence of Host Factors on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer: Stroma and Immune Cell Components as Cancer Biomarkers. Current Cancer Drug Targets 2015, 15: 652-64. PMID: 26452382, DOI: 10.2174/156800961508151001101209.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBreast cancerPredictive markerImmune cellsStromal componentsHER2-positive breast cancerHigh lymphocytic infiltrationPositive breast cancerHER2-positive cancersImmune cell componentsNovel therapeutic optionsType breast cancerBreast cancer subtypesHost immunological responseImmunotherapeutic regimensClinical courseImmune markersLymphocytic infiltrationPositive cancersTherapeutic optionsInflammatory cellsClinical subtypingImmunological parametersClinical trialsImmune parametersImmunological response
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